AUTONEX

Execution Layer

The execution layer transforms validated intents into Solana transactions, ensuring deterministic execution with full auditability and safety guarantees.

Execution Pipeline Overview

Every intent goes through a multi-stage execution pipeline designed for maximum security and transparency.

Pipeline Stages

1

Intent Validation

Verify the intent is well-formed and contains all required fields.

  • Validate intent type and parameters
  • Check agent authentication
  • Verify constraints are reasonable
  • Ensure all required fields are present
2

Policy Evaluation

Evaluate the intent against all applicable policies.

  • Load agent's policy set
  • Execute each policy rule
  • Aggregate results
  • Reject if any rule fails
3

Transaction Construction

Build the Solana transaction that implements the intent.

  • Determine optimal execution path
  • Construct program instructions
  • Add CPI restrictions
  • Set transaction metadata
4

Simulation

Simulate the transaction before submitting to mainnet.

  • Execute transaction against current state
  • Verify expected outcomes
  • Check for errors or failures
  • Validate constraints are satisfied
5

Submission

Submit the transaction to the Solana network.

  • Sign transaction with authorized keypair
  • Submit to RPC endpoint
  • Monitor for confirmation
  • Handle retries if necessary
6

Confirmation

Wait for transaction confirmation and finalization.

  • Monitor transaction status
  • Wait for required confirmation level
  • Extract execution results
  • Handle failures gracefully
7

Receipt Generation

Generate and store immutable execution receipt.

  • Combine intent, policies, and results
  • Store receipt on-chain
  • Return receipt to agent
  • Emit events for monitoring

Execution Flow

// Execution flow pseudocode
async fn execute_intent(intent: Intent, policies: PolicySet) -> Receipt {
    // 1. Validate intent structure
    validate_intent(&intent)?;
    
    // 2. Evaluate policies
    let policy_result = evaluate_policies(&intent, &policies)?;
    if !policy_result.passed {
        return Receipt::rejected(policy_result);
    }
    
    // 3. Build transaction
    let tx = build_transaction(&intent)?;
    
    // 4. Simulate execution
    let simulation = simulate_transaction(&tx)?;
    verify_simulation(&simulation)?;
    
    // 5. Submit transaction
    let signature = submit_transaction(&tx)?;
    
    // 6. Wait for confirmation
    let result = wait_for_confirmation(signature)?;
    
    // 7. Generate receipt
    let receipt = Receipt::new(intent, policy_result, result);
    store_receipt(&receipt)?;
    
    return receipt;
}

Safety Mechanisms

Deterministic Execution

Same intent with same policies and state always produces the same result.

  • • Reproducible behavior
  • • Independent verification
  • • Predictable outcomes
  • • Reliable testing

CPI Restrictions

Prevents unauthorized program interactions and malicious calls.

  • • Whitelisted programs only
  • • Maximum CPI depth enforced
  • • Account ownership validated
  • • Prevents re-entrancy

State Isolation

Each execution operates in isolation to prevent interference.

  • • Separate execution contexts
  • • No shared mutable state
  • • Parallel execution capable
  • • Rollback on failure

Error Handling

The execution layer handles errors at multiple levels with detailed feedback.

Intent & Policy Errors

  • • Invalid intent structure
  • • Missing required fields
  • • Constraint violations
  • • Policy rule failures
  • • Limit violations
  • • Permission denials

Execution Errors

  • • Transaction simulation failures
  • • Insufficient funds
  • • Slippage exceeded
  • • Network errors
  • • Timeout errors
  • • Account state conflicts

Error Response

All errors generate detailed receipts explaining the failure with actionable information.

  • Error type and message
  • Failed stage in pipeline
  • Relevant context and state
  • Suggested remediation

Performance Optimization

Parallel Execution

Independent intents can execute simultaneously for maximum throughput.

Automatic dependency detectionConcurrent submissionOptimistic parallelism

Batching

Multiple intents batched into single transactions.

Reduced transaction feesAtomic executionImproved throughput

Caching

Frequently accessed data is cached for optimal performance.

Policy setsAccount stateProgram interfaces

Monitoring & Observability

Comprehensive metrics and events for complete system visibility.

Execution latency per stage
Success/failure rates
Policy evaluation results
Resource utilization
Error patterns and trends
Network performance metrics